Apparatus for honing



Oct. 18, 1938. H. R. BERARD ET AL 2,133,375

APPARATUS FOR HONING Filed Nov. 5, 1936 Tatented Oct. 18, 1938 APPARATUSHector R.

PATENT OFFICE FOR HONING Berni-d and William D. McKeon, Worcester, Masa;assignors to The Heald Machine Company, Worcester, Mass,

Massachusetts a corporation of Application November 5, 1936, Serial No.109,330

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for honing, and especiallyto a device by which a short relative axial reciprocation between thebone and the workpiece may be produced during the honing operation.

In order to avoid the formation of circumferential scratches on thesurface of the work being honed, it is desirable to impart to either thehone or the workpiece a short axial reciprocation which will break up oreliminate the honing lines, or in certain instances, will produce thefamiliar herringbone marks which frequently, when desired, characterizea honing operation. The relative reciprocation has in general beenprovided by mounting either the workpiece or the hone on a machine baseon which is provided a reciprocatory table, with the movements of thetable providing the relative reciprocation. This machine arrangement isentirely satisfactory in operation, but it necessitates a relativelycomplicated table controlling and reversing mechanism which inevitablyresults in a high priced. machine. One of the principal objects of thepresent invention is to provide for a relative axial reciprocationbetween the hone and the workpiece by an extremely simplifiedarrangement, with a provision for adjusting the length of thereciprocatory movement of the hone when desired.

Where the familiar herringbone appearance of a honed surface is to beproduced, it is essential that the reciprocations of the hone be inpredetermined relation to the relative relation between the hone and theworkpiece so that the honing lines produced will have the herringboneappearance characteristic of a honed surface. These honing lines, whichcan readily be eliminated, are sometimes intentionally produced toincrease the salability of the workpieces. A further object of theinvention is accordingly to provide for a relative reciprocation betweenthe hone and a workpiece in timed relation to the relative rotationthereof.

In a copending application of Blood, Serial No.

45- l09,331, filed November 5, 1936, is disclosed a structure by whichthe spindle carrying the hone is reciprocated independently of therotation thereof. In the present instance the reciprocation of the honerelative to the honing head is provided in response to the rotation ofthe spindle carrying the hone. In certain aspects the present inventionis a modification of that disclosed in the Blood application abovereferred to.

A further feature of the invention resides in the provision of a singledrive mechanism for the relative rotation of the hone and work and therelative reciprocation therebetween. In accordance with this feature ofthe invention the hone is rotated and the reciprocatory mechanism isactuated in response to the hone rotation.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will morefully appear from the following detailed description taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of ahoning spindle embodying the invention, with parts broken away to showthe construction more clearly.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a fragmeniary part of the device of Fig.1, looking in the direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1.

Like reference characters refer to the different figures.

With reference first to Fig. 1, the hone, which may be of any suitablecharacter, corresponds preferably to the hone disclosed in a copendingBlood application, Serial No. 69,861, filed March 20, 1936. It issufficient to note, for the purpose of this application, that the honecomprises a head or arbor I having an axial bore 2, in which a honespindle 3 is slidable. The arbor has a key, not shown, to hold thespindle against rotation, but to allow for axial movement of thespindle. The spindle has an arcuate shoulder 4 positioned within thearbor, and the end of the spindle projects beyond the arbor and has acap 6 secured thereto. The opposite end of the spindle receives anaxially positioned bolt 6 for controlling the effective length of thespindle, the bolt being held against turning movement by a locking nutI. A radial flange 8 on the head provides for attachment of said arborto the hone supporting and rotating mechanism, hereinafer described. Thespindle 3, as shown, is made up of two separate members, but thesemembers are functionally integral and are so described.

The arbor I has a plurality of radially extending slots 9, in each ofwhich is positioned a lever I substantially of bell crank form.Surrounding the arbor I adjacent the bases of the slots 9, is an annularmember I I in threaded engagement with the outside of the arbor I. Theannular member II has an inwardly extending flange I2 spaced from thebase of the slots 9 to receive one end of each bell crank lever I0between said flange and the arbor. This end of the lever has an arcuatesurface I3 engageable with the flange I2 for rocking movement of thelever relative thereto.

The opposite end of the lever has an arcuate lug I4 engageable in anarcuate recess I6 in a like parts in on which the hone is hone carrierII. On the outer side of each of the carriers II is positioned a holderl1 in the form of a plate, to which is secured, as by a suitableadhesive, a honing member in the form of a stone l3, preferably ofabrasive material. The stone is additionally held in place by flanges i3extending outwardly from the holder.

The holders l1 are retained against the carriers I I by coil springs 23and 2|, each arranged in the form of an annulus. The spring 20 ispositioned at the inner or left hand (Fig. 1) end of the holders andengages the flanges I 9. The other coil spring 2i is positioned in arecess 22 in the outer end of each of the holders, and the inturnedportion of each holder which forms this recess, engages in acorrespondingly shaped recess 23 in the carrier. For additionallyholding the levers In in position, a coil spring 24, also in the form ofan annulus, is positioned in a slot 25 in the arbor for engagement withall of the levers. At the corner of each bell crank lever is an arcuateprotuberance 26, engageable with the arcuate shoulder 4 on the spindle.

The hone above described is mounted on the end of a hollow shaft 21journalled in a housing 23, the shaft being driven in any suitablemanner through pulleys 29 secured to the end of the shaft opposite tothe hone. Within the shaft is an axially slidable rod 30, having a head3| at the right hand end thereof engageable with the end of the bolt 6,and a coil spring 32 surrounding said rod normally urges said rod to theright (Fig. 1) for expanding the hone. Movement of the rod is limited bya nut 3 on the threaded left hand end of the rod, said nut beingengageable with the end of the shaft 21. The nut 33 may be arranged forautomatic adjustment on the rod 32 in the manner disclosed in thecopending application of Blood, Serial No. 100,911, filed September 15,1936.

The above structure is all fully described and claimed in earlierapplications and is not of itself the present invention. The latterinvolves the attainment of the objects and novel features, aboveoutlined, in connection with the above or similar honing machineelements. In accordance with the present invention, the hone isreciprocated in response to the rotation of the shaft 21 mounted, sothat the reciprocation and rotation of the hone occur in timed relationto each other.

With reference again to the drawing, the flange 3 of the hone arbor issecured, as by bolts 34, to a disk 35 having a hub 36 axially slidableon the right hand end of the spindle 21 and held against turningmovement thereon by a key 31. The hone is thus reciprocable on the endof the shaft 21.

Secured to the housing 28 in axial allnement with the shaft 21 is a ringgear 38, which meshes with pinions 33 journalled in a carrier 40suitably secured against turning movement on the shaft 21 as by thethreaded collar 4 I. Each pinion 39 has integral therewith a projectingstud 42 on which the pinion rotates in response to rotation of the shaft21. Each pinion also has a slot 83 (see also Fig. 2) having a stud 44adjustably positioned therein. The stud 44 with its head 45 in the slot43 has a sleeve 46 thereon which is held against the pinion by a nut 41on the end of the stud, thus locking the stud against movement on thepinion, although providing for adjustment thereon when desired. On thesleeve 36 is journalled an arm 48 on the end of which is a projectingpin 49 engageable in a recess 50 in the periphcry of the disk 35.

As the shaft 21 rotates within the bracket. the pinions 34 are rotatedon their axes, and since the pins 1? 4 are offset relative to the axesof rotation of the I rocatlon of the hone.

The workpiece a on which the honing isperformed is mounted in awork-support ll of any suitable character, and is held against rotation.therein, during the honing operation. It will be apparent that theworkpiece surface and the honing stones have corresponding tapers sothat the entire inner surface of the workpiece is honed to the desiredfinish. In operation, the workpiece being in the operative positionshown, the hone is rotated by a rotation of the shaft 21. Since the ringgear 33 is stationary, the rotation of the shaft 21 procures areciprocation of the hone which is necessarily in timed relation to thehone rotation. As the hone reciprocates on the shaft 21, the spring 32expands and contracts to hold the honing stones in honing position, andthe spring 32 also expands and contracts to allow expansion andcontraction of the hone as a result of the taper of the workpiece. Theresult is only a small expansion and contraction of the spring 32 sothat the honing stones exert a substantially uniform pressure on theworkpiece during the entire honing operation.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present inventionprovides for a reciprocation of the hone relative to the supportingstructure by means of mechanism actuated by the hone rotation. Thestructure by which this reciprocation is procured is relatively simpleand can be arranged to provide the desired amount of reciprocation byadjusting the amount that the studs 44 are offset from the axes ofrotation of the several pinions. The relative reciprocation between thehone and the workpiece is thus in timed relation to the relativerotation therebetween. Moreover, the single driving means which producesthe hone rotation also provides for the reciprocation thereof. It willbe understood that the provision for reciprocation and rotation of thehone may be applied equally well to other forms of cutting tools where asimultaneous rotation and reciprocation of the tool relative to theworkpiece is desired, as for example, in internal grinding machines.

We claim:

1. In a honing device, a head, a spindle mounted for rotation within thehead, a hone comprising a plurality of honing elements movable relativeto each other for expanding and contracting the hone, a carrying memberaxially slidable on the end of the spindle on which the hone is mounted,means within the spindle for urging the honing elements into operativeposition, and means for reciprocating the ca member and hone relative tothe spindle and head in response to rotation of the spindle.

2. In a honing device. a head, a spindle mounted for rotation within thehead, a hone comprising a plurality of honing elements mov-,

3. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein, a honepositioned on the end of the spindle and axially slidable thereon, apinion carried by the spindle and rotatable on an axis at right anglesthereto, a gear on the head with which the pinion engages, and aneccentric associated with the pinion and connected to the hone torprocuring a reciprocation of the hone in response to rotation of thespindle.

4. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein, a honepositioned on the end oi the spindle and axially slidable thereon, apinion carried by the spindle and rotatable on an axis at right anglesthereto, a gear on the head with which the pinion engages, and aneccentric associated with the pinion and connected to the hone forprocuring a reciprocation of the hone in response to rotation of thespindle, said eccentric being adjustable relative to the axis of thepinion for varying the length of the reciprocatory stroke of the hone. V

5. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein andsupported against reciprocation relative thereto, an expansible hone,means carried by the spindle for procuring expansion of the hone intooperative position, a carrying member reciprocable on the end of thespindle and on which the hone is mounted, and an interconnection betweenthe spindle-and the carrying member for procuring a reciprocation of thecarrying member and bone without 8. corresponding reciprocation of thespindle.

6. In a honing device, a head, a spindle journalled therein andsupported against reciprocation relative thereto, an expansible hone,means carried by the spindle for procuring expansion of the hone intooperative position, means cooperating with the spindle for controllingthe operative expanded position of the hone, a carrying memberreciprocable on the end 01 the spindle and on which the hone is mounted,and an interconnection between the spindle and the carrying member forprocuring a reciprocation oi the carrying member and bone without thecorresponding reciprocation of the spindle.

HEC'IOR R. BERARD. WILLIAM D. MCKEON.

